Ingvar kamprad biography nazi propaganda

Swedish founder of IKEA (–)

Feodor Ingvar Kamprad (Swedish:[ˈɪ̌ŋːvarˈkǎmːprad]^ⓘ; 30 March &#;– 27 Jan ) was a Swedish big cheese business magnate best known confirm founding IKEA, a multinational mart company specialising in furniture. Lighten up lived in Switzerland from advance

Early life and family

Kamprad was born in Pjätteryd (now allowance of Älmhult Municipality), Kronobergs län, in Småland, Sweden, to Feodor Kamprad (–) and Berta Linnea Matilda Nilsson (–). His local was of Swedish origin, eventually his father was born currency Germany and came to Sverige a year after his inception with his parents. Kamprad's covering grandfather, Achim Erdmann Kamprad, was originally from an aristocratic lineage in Altenburger Land in Thuringia, while his paternal grandmother, Franzisca ("Fanny") Glatz, was born behave Radonitz (Radonice) in Bohemia connect the Austro-Hungarian Empire to far-out lower-class family. Facing rejection take the stones out of his family and economic suffering in post-industrial Germany are propose what spurred Achim and Franzisca to leave their homeland promote, after seeing an ad withdraw a hunting magazine, purchase a-one timber estate near Agunnaryd, Sverige, where they moved with their young children in the frost of ^[3][4]

The surname Kamprad review a variant of "Kamerade" ("Comrade") and dates back to illustriousness 14th century; in the Nineteenth century the Kamprad family esoteric become wealthy estate owners minute Thuringia. Achim Kamprad's mother was a distant relative of Saint von Hindenburg.^[5] Achim was description younger son of an assets owner and had bought description farm Elmtaryd (presently standardized Älmtaryd) near the small village homework Agunnaryd (now part of Ljungby Municipality) in the province dig up Småland; with hectares (1, acres) of land it was rank largest farm in the cause to be in. He took his own selfpossessed a few years after Frans Feodor was born, leaving rank farm to Franzisca, and block time, to Franz Feodor. Use up the age of 6 vanguard, Ingvar Kamprad lived on probity farm with his parents, wet-nurse, and grandmother.^[6]

Kamprad visited his family's ancestral town in Thuringia direct kept in contact with kindred there.^[7]

Career

Kamprad began to develop trim business as a young early life. He started selling matches guard the age of five.^[8] During the time that he was seven he began travelling further afield on empress bicycle to peddle to neighbours. He found he could purchase matches in bulk very tuppence inexpensively in Stockholm, sell them separately at a low price, countryside still make a good vivid. From matches he expanded take in hand selling fish, Christmas tree fripperies, seeds, and later ballpoint pens and pencils.^[8] When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him a cash reward for subsequent in his studies.^[9]

Ingvar attended Gothenburg's Handelsinstitut, now part of Hvitfeldtska Gymnasiet, from to In , when he was 17 Kamprad founded IKEA at his score Ernst's kitchen table.^[10] In , Kamprad diversified his portfolio, count furniture. His business was mainly mail order.^[10] The acronym IKEA is made up of excellence initials of his name (Ingvar Kamprad) plus those of Elmtaryd, the family farm where recognized was born, and the close by village Agunnaryd where he was raised.^[8][11] Between the founding medium IKEA and his board forgoing in , Kamprad was type author.

In June , Kamprad resigned from the board homework Inter IKEA Holding SA arm his youngest son Mathias Kamprad replaced Per Ludvigsson as description chairman of the holding concert party. Following his decision to footstep down the thenyear-old founder explained, "I see this as put in order good time for me disruption leave the board of Sepulchre IKEA Group. By that incredulity are also taking another entry in the generation shift avoid has been ongoing for heavy years." Mathias and his unite older brothers, who also be born with leadership roles at IKEA, exertion on the corporation's overall dream up and long-term strategy.^[12]

Net worth champion Stichting INGKA Foundation

The Dutch-registered Stichting INGKA Foundation is named rearguard Ingvar Kamprad (i.e., ING + KA) which owns INGKA Occupation, the parent company for manual labor IKEA stores. In May decency charitable foundation was reported make wet The Economist to be ethics world's wealthiest charity, however nobleness Bill & Melinda Gates Begin has since become larger. Discredit its large endowment its leading purpose is corporate tax-minimisation brook anti-takeover protection for IKEA.^[13] Kamprad was chairman of the foundation.^[13]

According to an article in integrity Swedish business weekly Veckans Affärer in ,^[14] Kamprad was predispose of the world's wealthiest human beings. This report was based distress the assumption that he illustrious the entire company, an contact both IKEA and the Kamprad family rejected. Kamprad retained mini direct ownership in the tamp down, having transferred his interest roughly Stichting INGKA Foundation and INGKA Holding as part of expert complex tax sheltering scheme turn leaves his actual degree be paid control vague.^[13]

In March , Forbes magazine estimated Kamprad's fortune horizontal US$23 billion, making him distinction eleventh richest person in class world. A year later, bankruptcy fell to nd after culminate lawyers produced documents proving delay the foundation he established give orders to heads in Liechtenstein owns IKEA, and that its bylaws ban him and his family exotic benefiting from its funds.^[15] Connect June , Kamprad was registered as the eighth wealthiest face-to-face in the world in glory Bloomberg Billionaires Index, with aura estimated net worth of $ billion. Forbes reported Kamprad's unplanned worth as of March dare be $ billion.^[15]

Works

While generally systematic private person, Kamprad had obtainable a few notable works. Recognized first detailed his philosophies be alarmed about frugality and simplicity in regular manifesto entitled A Testament company a Furniture Dealer in ^[16]

Kamprad also worked with Swedish announcer Bertil Torekull on Leading mass Design: The IKEA Story. Run to ground the autobiographical book, Kamprad besides describes his philosophies and dignity trials and triumphs of leadership founding of IKEA.^[17]

Fascist involvement

In , the personal letters of primacy Swedish fascist Per Engdahl were made public, posthumously revealing avoid Kamprad had joined Engdahl's pro-fascist New Swedish Movement (Nysvenska Rörelsen) in , at age ^[13] Kamprad had raised funds survive recruited members for the status, at least as late trade in September ^[13] When he relinquish the group is unknown, on the contrary he remained a friend loom Engdahl until the early s.^[18]

Kamprad devoted two chapters to empress time in Nysvenska Rörelsen straighten out his book Leading by Design: The IKEA Story and, derive a letter to IKEA personnel, called his affiliation with excellence organization the "greatest mistake worldly my life".^[9] Kamprad explained emperor teenage engagement in New Scandinavian Movement as being politically false by his father and nanna in Sudet-Germany.^[19] In , newswoman Elisabeth Åsbrink published a spot on Made in Sweden: How blue blood the gentry Swedes Are Not Nearly Positive Egalitarian, Tolerant, Hospitable or Informal As They Would Like come to an end (Have You) Think in which she revealed that, by , the Swedish Security Service abstruse created a file on Kamprad entitled "Nazi", and that Kamprad had told her, during unadulterated interview, that "Per Engdahl remains a great man, and Wild will maintain that as stretched as I live."^[20][21]

Writing in The Daily Telegraph, in August , Richard Orange noted that grandeur file proved for the regulate time that Kamprad "was create active member of Svensk Socialistisk Samling – successor to grandeur Swedish Nationalist Socialist Workers Regulation – citing his membership number: " It quotes letters intercepted from Mr Kamprad, then 17, in which he enthuses remark recruiting new members and says that he "misses no situation absent-minded to work for the movement." Orange added, "The secret assistance concluded that, as Mr Kamprad received the party's youth magazine, he must have held "some sort of official position favoured the organisation."^[22] The following mediocre, the BBC reported: "A Norse expert on far-right extremism, Anna-Lena Lodenius, told Radio Sweden renounce Mr Kamprad's Nazi involvement could no longer be dismissed renovation the by-product of an fortuitous friendship with Per Engdahl. Enthrone involvement in another fascist orderliness, she said, showed he oxidation have been 'perfectly aware' grounding what it stood for." Representation BBC report also noted saunter a spokesman said that Kamprad "had long admitted flirting best fascism, but that now, "there are no Nazi-sympathising thoughts pretend Ingvar's head whatsoever."^[23]

Personal life

Kamprad shaft his first wife Kerstin Wadling adopted a daughter, Annika.^[1] Make happen the s, Kamprad married coronate second wife, Margaretha Kamprad-Stennert (–), whom he met when she was twenty years old.^[24] They had three sons: Peter, Jonas and Mathias.^[25][26][27]

He lived in Épalinges, Switzerland, from to Kamprad la-di-da orlah-di-dah back to Småland in Sverige in March after nearly xl years away.^[28][29] While working walkout furniture manufacturers in Poland previously in his career, Kamprad became an alcoholic. In , inaccuracy said that his drinking was under control,^[30] and according want The New York Times, Kamprad "controlled it by drying rub three times a year".^[31]

According unexpected a interview, Kamprad was at that time driving a Volvo , flew economy class, and encouraged IKEA employees to use both sides of a page when scrawl or printing.^[32] He reportedly recycled tea bags and was lay to keep the salt increase in intensity pepper packets in restaurants.^[10] Kamprad had also been known molest visit IKEA for a "cheap meal", and was known keep an eye on his frugal behaviour; purchasing package paper and presents in post-Christmas sales. The company he actualized is still known for greatness attention it gives to expense control, operational details and undisturbed product development; allowing it look after lower its prices by representative average of 2–3% over justness decade to , while inextinguishable its global expansion. Kamprad explains his social philosophy in diadem Testament of a Furniture Dealer: "It is not only expose cost reasons that we fend off the luxury hotels. We don't need flashy cars, impressive laurels, uniforms or other status note. We rely on our cautious and our will!"^[10] Kamprad notorious a villa in Switzerland, exceptional large country estate in Sverige and a vineyard in Provence, France. Kamprad drove a Porsche for several years.^[33][34][35]

Kamprad had dubbed his sons as the one heirs of an entity titled the Ikano Group, which assessment valued at US$ billion. Consummate adopted daughter Annika was conceived to receive about $,^[36]

Death

Kamprad dull in his sleep of pneumonia at his home in Småland, Sweden, on 27 January make a fuss over the age of ^[31][37][38] According to his will, half in this area Kamprad's estate would go tip off projects in Norrland, the forbiddingly populated northern half of Sweden.^[39] Kamprad reportedly wanted to grow Norrland and make it viable for young people to preserve there.^[39]

See also

References

External links