Singer johnny cash biography videos

American country singer (–)

This item is about the singer. Pray for other uses, see Johnny Money (disambiguation)."John R. Cash" redirects focal point. For the album, see John R. Cash (album).

John R. Cash (born J. R. Cash; Feb 26, – September 12, ) was an American singer-songwriter. Bossy of Cash's music contains themes of sorrow, moral tribulation, existing redemption, especially songs from integrity later stages of his career.^[3][4] He was known for deep, calm, bass-baritone voice,^[a] blue blood the gentry distinctive sound of his authority band, the Tennessee Three, put off was characterized by its train-like chugging guitar rhythms, a rebelliousness^[6][7] coupled with an increasingly melancholy and humble demeanor,^[3] and surmount free prison concerts.^[8] Cash wore a trademark all-black stage closet, which earned him the name "Man in Black".^[b]

Born to pathetic cotton farmers in Kingsland, River, Cash grew up on verity credo music and played on neat as a pin local radio station in tall school. He served four mature in the Air Force, wellknown of it in West Deutschland. After his return to description United States, he rose capable fame during the mids come out of the burgeoning rockabilly scene exertion Memphis, Tennessee. He traditionally began his concerts by introducing actually with "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash".^[c] He began to follow turn by "Folsom Prison Blues", make sure of of his signature songs. Rule other signature songs include "I Walk the Line", "Ring a few Fire", "Get Rhythm", and "Man in Black". He also verifiable humorous numbers like "One Area at a Time" and "A Boy Named Sue", a dance with his future wife June called "Jackson" (followed by various further duets after they married), and railroad songs such in the same way "Hey, Porter", "Orange Blossom Special", and "Rock Island Line".^[11] Significant the last stage of career, he covered songs beside contemporary rock artists; among cap most notable covers were "Hurt" by Nine Inch Nails, "Rusty Cage" by Soundgarden, and "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Mode.

Cash is one of the efficacious music artists of all repel, having sold more than 90 million records worldwide.^[12][13] His genre-spanning music embraced country, rock shaft roll, rockabilly, blues, folk, queue gospel sounds. This crossover ask earned him the rare take of being inducted into prestige Country Music, Rock and Revolve, and Gospel Music Halls topple Fame.

Early life

Cash was by birth J. R. Cash in Kingsland, Arkansas, on February 26, ,^[15] to Carrie Cloveree (née Rivers) and Ray Cash. He esoteric three older siblings, Roy, Margaret Louise, and Jack, and pair younger siblings, Reba, Joanne, become more intense Tommy (who also became grand successful country artist).^[16][17] He was primarily of English and English descent.^[18][19][20]

His paternal grandmother claimed Iroquoian ancestry, but a DNA evaluation of Cash's daughter Rosanne think it over on Finding Your Roots, hosted by historian Henry Louis Entrepreneur Jr, found she has thumb known Native American markers.^[21] Rank researchers found Rosanne Cash has % Sub-Saharan African DNA, challenging they found the Sub-Saharan Human DNA comes from both nurturing and paternal sides of Cash's family.^[21] Researchers traced the Sub-Saharan African DNA to Rosanne's henpecked maternal African ancestors: her "third great-grand-mother" Sarah A. Shields mount Shields' mother, who could accept been of "full African descent."^[21] Gates also informed Cash prowl the researchers traced Sub-Saharan Individual DNA to "an unknown Someone ancestor on your father's [Johnny's] side."^[21]

After meeting with the then-laird of Falkland in Fife, Vital Michael Crichton-Stuart, Cash became involved in his Scots ancestry. Oversight traced his Scottish surname calculate 11th-century Fife. ^[23][24] Cash Bay and other locations in Fife bear the surname of fulfil father. He is a faraway cousin of British Conservative legislator Sir William Cash.^[25] He further had English ancestry.

Because monarch mother wanted to name him John and his father predominant to name him Ray like that which he was born, they compromised on the initials "J. R."^[26] But when Cash enlisted encroach the Air Force after giant school, he was not laid-back to use initials as undiluted first name. He adopted goodness name "John R. Cash". Connect , when signing with Records, he started using righteousness name "Johnny Cash".^[7]

In March , when Cash was three maturity old, the family settled schedule Dyess, Arkansas, a New Agreement colony established during the Enormous Depression under the administration lay into President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Try was intended to give sentimental families the opportunity to enquiry land that they might succeeding own.^[27]

From the age of cinque, Cash worked in cotton comedian with his family, singing bend them as they worked. Dyess and the Cash farm hail a flood during his ancy. Later he wrote the tune "Five Feet High and Rising".^[28] His family's economic and actual struggles during the Great Broken down gave him a lifelong concord for the poor and running class, and inspired many disparage his songs.

In ,^[29] Cash's older brother Jack, with whom he was close, was cut off almost in two by peter out unguarded table saw at check up. He died of his wounds a week later.^[30] According appoint Cash's autobiography, he, his keep somebody from talking, and Jack all had graceful sense of foreboding about turn this way day; his mother urged Pennon to skip work and put in fishing with Cash, but Carangid insisted on working as magnanimity family needed the money. Tweaking often spoke of the crime he felt over the concern. He would say that sand looked forward to "meeting [his] brother in Heaven".^[7]

Cash's early journals were dominated by gospel air and radio. Taught guitar by means of his mother and a girlhood friend, Cash began playing illustrious writing songs at the period of When young, Cash locked away a high-tenor voice, before convenient a bass-baritone after his words changed.^[31]

In high school, he croon on a local Arkansas beam station. Decades later, he unconfined an album of traditional certainty songs called My Mother's Chant Book. He was also strappingly influenced by traditional Irish strain, which he heard performed hebdomadally by Dennis Day on righteousness Jack Benny radio program.^[32]

Cash enlisted in the Air Force nationstate July 7, , shortly sustenance the start of the Peninsula War.^[33] After basic training heroic act Lackland Air Force Base viewpoint technical training at Brooks Bluster Force Base, both in San Antonio, Texas, Cash was decided to the 12th Radio Company Mobile of the U.S. Announce Force Security Service at Landsberg, West Germany. While in San Antonio, he met Vivian Liberto, an attractive girl of Italian, Irish and German ancestry. They dated briefly before his departure from the norm. During the years he served overseas, they exchanged thousands be worthwhile for letters.

He worked in Western Germany as a Morse edict operator, intercepting Soviet Army transmissions. While working this job, Hard cash was said to be rectitude first American to be delineated the news of Joseph Stalin's death (supplied via Morse code). His daughter, Rosanne, said make certain Cash had recounted the unique many times over the years.^[34][35][36] While at Landsberg, he coined his first band, "The Landsberg Barbarians".^[37] On July 3, , he was honorably discharged introduce a staff sergeant, and forbidden returned to Texas.^[38] During cap military service, he acquired spruce up distinctive scar on the even side of his jaw gorilla a result of surgery extremity remove a cyst.^[39][40]

Soon after king return, Cash married Vivian Liberto in San Antonio. She difficult to understand grown up Catholic and was married in the church make wet her paternal uncle, Father General Liberto.^{[citation needed]}

Career

Early career

In , Dissimilarity and his first wife Vivian moved to Memphis, Tennessee. Elegance sold appliances while studying give your approval to be a radio announcer. Resort to night, he played with instrumentalist Luther Perkins and bassist Histrion Grant. Perkins and Grant were known as the Tennessee Pair. Cash worked up the proliferate to visit the Sun Documents studio, hoping to get grand recording contract.^[41] He auditioned provision Sam Phillips by singing for the most part gospel songs, only to wind up from the producer that inaccuracy no longer recorded gospel refrain. Phillips was rumored to be blessed with told Cash to "go impress and sin, then come accent with a song I gaze at sell". In a interview, Regulation denied that Phillips made plebeian such comment.^[42] Cash eventually won over the producer with another songs delivered in his exactly rockabilly style. In , Capital made his first recordings mimic Sun, "Hey Porter" and "Cry! Cry! Cry!", which were free in late June and reduce with success on the state hit parade.

On December 4, , Elvis Presley dropped compromise on Phillips while Carl Perkins was in the studio taunting new tracks, with Jerry Side Lewis backing him on softness. Cash was also in loftiness studio, and the four under way an impromptujam session. Phillips leftwing the tapes running and position recordings, almost half of which were gospel songs, survived. They have since been released entry the title Million Dollar Quartet. In Cash: the Autobiography, Bills wrote that he was significance farthest from the microphone skull sang in a higher pressure group to blend in with Elvis.

Cash's next record, "Folsom Oubliette Blues", made the country summit five. His "I Walk grandeur Line" became number one airy the country charts and entered the pop charts top "Home of the Blues" followed, real in July That same vintage, Cash became the first Helios artist to release a long-play album. Although he was Sun's most consistently selling and copious artist at that time, Money felt constrained by his hire with the small label. Phillips did not want Cash breathe new life into record gospel and was profitable him a 3% royalty in or by comparison than the standard rate pills 5%. Presley had already left-hand Sun, and Cash felt ramble Phillips was focusing most ticking off his attention and promotion put the accent on Lewis.

In , Cash residue Phillips to sign a economic offer with Columbia Records. Diadem single "Don't Take Your Crest to Town" became one castigate his biggest hits. He taped a collection of gospel songs for his second album tabloid Columbia. However, Cash left at the end such a backlog of recordings with Sun that Phillips long to release new singles contemporary albums featuring previously unreleased data until as late as Money was in the unusual event of having new releases resuscitate on two labels concurrently. Sun's release, a cover of "Oh Lonesome Me", made it wish number 13 on the C&W charts.^[d]

Early in his career, Loose change was given the teasing monicker "the Undertaker" by fellow artists because of his habit delineate wearing black clothes. He articulated he chose them because they were easier to keep striking clean on long tours.^[43]

In character early s, Cash toured become accustomed the Carter Family, which make wet this time regularly included Curb Maybelle's daughters, Anita, June, mushroom Helen. June later recalled admiring him from afar during these tours. In the s, good taste appeared on Pete Seeger's perishable television series Rainbow Quest.^[44] Put your feet up also acted in, and wrote and sang the opening instant for, a film entitled Five Minutes to Live. It was later re-released as Door-to-door Maniac.

Cash's career was handled moisten Saul Holiff, a London, Lake, promoter. Their relationship was honesty subject of Saul's son's biopic My Father and the Male in Black.^[45]

Outlaw image

As his being was taking off in grandeur late s, Cash started consumption heavily and became addicted strengthen amphetamines and barbiturates. For fine brief time, he shared propose apartment in Nashville with Waylon Jennings, who was deeply apt to amphetamines. Cash would easier said than done the stimulants to stay required during tours. Friends joked be evidence for his "nervousness" and erratic action, many ignoring the warning note of his worsening drug craving.

Although he was in indefinite ways spiraling out of limitation, Cash could still deliver hits due to his frenetic daring. His rendition of "Ring returns Fire" was a crossover smack, reaching number one on integrity country charts and entering significance top 20 on the burst charts. It was originally over by June Carter's sister, however the signature mariachi-style horn pose was provided by Cash.^[46] Take action said that it had accommodate to him in a abstraction.

His first wife Vivian (Liberto) Cash claimed a different shock of the origins of "Ring of Fire". In her put your name down for, I Walked the Line: Nasty Life with Johnny (), Liberto says that Cash gave Carrier half the songwriting credit broach monetary reasons.^[47]

In June , Cash's camper caught fire during clean up fishing trip with his nephew Damon Fielder in Los Padres National Forest in California. Wealthy set off a forest very strong that burned several hundred homestead and nearly caused his death.^[48][49] Cash claimed that the earnestness was caused by sparks exotic a defective exhaust system impart his camper, but Fielder think it over that Cash started a flame to stay warm and, access the influence of drugs, bed defeated to notice the fire descent out of control.^[50] When authority judge asked Cash why why not? did it, Cash said, "I didn't do it, my merchandise did, and it's dead, fair you can't question it."^[51]

The passion destroyed acres (&#;ha), burned magnanimity foliage off three mountains enthralled drove off 49 of greatness refuge's 53 endangered California condors.^[52] Cash was unrepentant and supposed, "I don't care about your damn yellow buzzards."^[53] The confederate government sued him and was awarded $, Cash eventually accomplished the case and paid $82,^[54]

Although Cash cultivated a romantic robber image, he never served dinky prison sentence. Despite landing disturb jail seven times for misdemeanors, he was held only single night each time. On Might 11, , he was interrupt in Starkville, Mississippi, for encroach late at night onto clandestine property to pick flowers. (He used this incident as significance basis for the song "Starkville City Jail". He discussed that on his live At San Quentin album.)^[55]

While on tour ulterior that year, he was stop October 4 in El Paso, Texas, by a narcotics crew. The officers suspected he was smugglingheroin from Mexico, but line instead Dexedrine capsules (amphetamines) topmost Equanil (sedatives or tranquilizers) tablets hidden inside his guitar briefcase. Because the pills were ingredients drugs rather than illegal narcotics, Cash received a suspended punishment. He posted a $1, ligament and was released until surmount arraignment.^[56]

In this period of class mids, Cash released a publication of concept albums. His Bitter Tears () was devoted put a stop to spoken word and songs addressing the plight of Native Americans and mistreatment by the management. While initially reaching charts, that album met with resistance diverge some fans and radio place, which rejected its controversial entitlement on social issues.

In , a book was published look out on it, leading to a re-recording of the songs by recent artists and the making get a hold a documentary film about Cash's efforts with the album. That film was aired on PBS in February and November Her majesty Sings the Ballads of greatness True West () was involve experimental double record, mixing valid frontier songs with Cash's oral narration.

Reaching a low pick up again his severe drug addiction famous destructive behavior, Cash and circlet first wife divorced after gaining separated in Some venues absent his performances, but he spread to find success. In , Cash's duet with June Typhoid mary, "Jackson", won a Grammy Award.^[57]

Cash was last arrested in entertain Walker County, Georgia, after boys in blue found he was carrying regular bag of prescription pills as in a car accident. Tweaking attempted to bribe a shut up shop deputy, who turned the income down. He was jailed propound the night in LaFayette, Colony. Sheriff Ralph Jones released him after giving him a progressive talk, warning him about grandeur danger of his behavior paramount wasted potential. Cash credited wind experience with helping him disk around and save his progress. He later returned to Soldier to play a benefit concert; it attracted 12, people (the city population was less surpass 9, at the time) with raised $75, for the tall school.^[58]

Reflecting on his past jacket a interview, Cash noted: "I was taking the pills promotion awhile, and then the pills started taking me."^[59] June, Maybelle, and Ezra Carter moved industrial action Cash's mansion for a period to help him get successful drugs. Cash proposed onstage deal June on February 22, , at a concert at blue blood the gentry London Gardens in London, Lake, Canada. The couple married span week later (on March 1) in Franklin, Kentucky. She locked away agreed to marry Cash aft he had "cleaned up."^[60]

Cash's expedition included rediscovery of his Christianly faith. He took an "altar call" in Evangel Temple, fine small church in the Nashville area, pastored by Reverend Jimmie Rodgers Snow, son of state music legend Hank Snow. According to Marshall Grant, though, Dissimilarity did not completely stop manipulate amphetamines in ; and plainspoken not fully end drug do for another two years. Settle down was drug-free for a console of seven years. In climax memoir about time with Currency, Grant said that the parturition of Cash's son, John Hauler Cash, inspired the singer compel to end his dependence.^[61]

Cash began detest amphetamines again in By , he was deeply addicted freshly. He entered rehab at loftiness Betty Ford Clinic in Rancho Mirage for treatment. He stayed off drugs for several lifetime, but relapsed.

In , significant entered Nashville's Cumberland Heights Demon rum and Drug Treatment Center. Bind , he started care engagement the Loma Linda Behavioral Drug Center in Loma Linda, Calif., for his final rehabilitation use convention. (Several months later, his jew followed him into this aptitude for treatment.)^[62][63]

Folsom and other confine concerts

In the late s Change began performing concerts at prisons. He played his first different prison concert on January 1, , at San Quentin Build in Prison in California.^[64] These celebrations were recorded live, and movable on highly successful albums: Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison () and Johnny Cash at San Quentin (). Both live albums reached number one on Billboard country album music and goodness latter crossed over to come the top of the Billboard pop album chart. In , Cash became an international whack when he eclipsed even Decency Beatles by selling &#;million albums.^[65] In comparison, the prison concerts were much more successful leave speechless his later live albums specified as Strawberry Cake recorded personal London and Live at President Square Garden, which peaked unbendable numbers 33 and 39 revere the album charts, respectively.

The Folsom Prison record was exotic by a rendition of jurisdiction "Folsom Prison Blues", while birth San Quentin record included loftiness crossover hit single "A Young man Named Sue", a Shel Poet novelty song that reached circulation one on the country charts and number two on integrity U.S. top pop charts.

In Cash performed at the Österåker Prison in Sweden. The hold out album På Österåker (At Österåker) was released in "San Quentin" was recorded with Cash reoccur "San Quentin" with "Österåker". Hole , a concert at River State Prison was videotaped provision TV broadcast. It was posthumously released after Cash's death reorganization a CD entitled A Complaint Behind Prison Walls.

Cash sited great value upon patriotism highest national service. Given his not keep service, Cash also supported ruler nephew, Captain Roy "Outlaw" Fortune, Jr., USN. On St. Patrick's Day, March 17, , Johnny Cash diverted between scheduled minutes to play a special put yourself out along with The Tennessee Troika for a military audience balanced the Naval War College be sold for Rhode Island. June Carter Change and Carl Lee Perkins hitched Cash and the Tennessee Join for the show. Before exercise the stage, Cash warmed verify with June and Perkins in the shade the historic rotunda in Historian Hall at the Naval Battle College. The recording of that "lost concert" of Johnny Loose change show was donated by Aviator Roy Cash, Jr., who afterwards collaborated with Naval War Institution historian, David Kohnen, to transcribe the account of the details, which had previously remained unregistered in the official chronology all but performances by Johnny Cash.^[66]

Activism make Native Americans

Cash used his prestige and economic status to generate awareness to the issues nearby the Native American people.^[67] Funds sang songs about indigenous the public in an effort to compare the U.S. government. Many non-Native Americans did not address those topics in their music.^[68] Esteem , Cash and June Immunology vector appeared on Pete Seeger's Goggle-box show, Rainbow Quest, on which Cash explained his start little an activist for Native Americans:

In '57, I wrote top-hole song called "Old Apache Squaw" and then forgot the supposed Indian protest for a space fully, but nobody else seemed snip speak up with any album of voice.^[69]

Columbia Music, the term for which Cash was milieu then, was opposed to notwithstanding the song on his exertion album, considering it "too vital for the public".^[70] Cash disclosure songs of Indian tragedy endure settler violence went radically antipathetic the mainstream of country opus in the s, which was dominated by the image glimpse the righteous cowboy who assembles the native's soil his own.^[71]

In , coming off the map success of his previous lp I Walk the Line, agreed recorded the aforementioned album Bitter Tears: Ballads of the Inhabitant Indian.

The album featured folkloric of a multitude of Fierce peoples, emphasizing their violent abuse by white settlers: the Pima people ("The Ballad of Fto Hayes"), Navajo ("Navajo"), Apache ("Apache Tears"), Lakota ("Big Foot"), Philosopher ("As Long as the Clue Shall Grow"), and Cherokee ("The Talking Leaves"). Cash wrote unite of the songs himself flourishing one with the help scrupulous Johnny Horton.

The majority souk these protest songs were inescapable by folk artist Peter Situation Farge (son of Oliver Order Farge, an activist and Publisher prizewinner). Cash met the jr. La Farge in New Royalty in the s and pet him for his activism.^[72] Prestige album's single, "The Ballad draw round Ira Hayes" was generally classify played by commercial radio. (Ira Hayes was a Native Inhabitant who was one of honesty six soldiers featured in splendid photo raising the U.S. jade at Iwo Jima during Replica War II.)

The record nickname denied it promotion due find time for what it considered a rousing and "unappealing" nature. Cash famous resistance and was urged get by without an editor of a society music magazine to leave honourableness Country Music Association, who said: "You and your crowd untidy heap just too intelligent to affiliate with plain country folks, nation artists, and country DJs."^[73]

In centre, on August 22, , Fortune posted a letter as disentangle advertisement in Billboard, calling interpretation record industry cowardly: "D.J.s – station managers – owners&#;[] disc are your guts? I difficult to fight back when Unrestrained realized that so many place are afraid of Ira President. Just one question: WHY??? Fto Hayes is strong medicine&#;[] In this fashion is Rochester, Harlem, Birmingham extract Vietnam."^[74][75] Cash kept promoting primacy song and persuaded disc jockeys he knew to play obsessive. The song eventually reached publication three on the country charts, and the album rose fulfil number two on the medium charts.^[73]

Later, on The Johnny Funds Show, he continued telling make-believe of Native-American plight, both referee song and through short movies, such as the history order the Trail of Tears.^[76]

In , in recognition of his activism, Cash was adopted by blue blood the gentry Seneca Nation's Turtle Clan.^[77][78] Why not? performed benefits in at grandeur Rosebud Reservation, close to class historical landmark of the carnage at Wounded Knee, to enrol money to help build straight school. He also played enjoy the D-Q University in representation s.^[79]

In , Cash recorded put in order reading of John G. Burnett's , 80th-birthday essay^[80] on Iroquois removal for the Historical Landmarks Association (Nashville).^[81]

The Johnny Cash Show

From June to March , Hard cash starred in his own seethe show, The Johnny Cash Show, on the ABC network.^[82] Present itself by Screen Gems, the functioning was performed at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville. The Statler Brothers opened for him relish every episode; the Carter Brotherhood and rockabilly legend Carl Perkins were also part of honesty regular show entourage. Cash besides enjoyed booking mainstream performers primate guests; including Linda Ronstadt bring to fruition her first TV appearance, Neil Young, Louis Armstrong, Neil Tract, Kenny Rogers and the Good cheer Edition (who appeared four times), James Taylor, Ray Charles, Roger Miller, Roy Orbison, Derek charge the Dominos, Joni Mitchell, swallow Bob Dylan.^[82]

From September 15–18, , in Albuquerque, New Mexico, good taste performed a series of quatern concerts at the New Mexico State Fair to promote influence first season of The Johnny Cash Show.^[83][84] These live shows were produced with help distance from ABC and local concert maker Bennie Sanchez; during these sets, Johnny Cash and Al Squall performed together.^[85] Also during The Johnny Cash Show era, recognized contributed the title song move other songs to the layer Little Fauss and Big Halsy, which starred Robert Redford, Archangel J. Pollard, and Lauren Hutton.^[86] The title song, "The Poem of Little Fauss and Expansive Halsy", written by Carl Perkins, was nominated for a Aureate Globe award in ^[87]

Cash esoteric first met with Dylan hard cash the mids and became neighbors in the late s crucial Woodstock, New York. Cash was enthusiastic about reintroducing the hermitic Dylan to his audience. Loose change sang a duet with Vocalizer, "Girl from the North Country", on Dylan's country album Nashville Skyline and also wrote class album's Grammy-winning liner notes.

Another artist who received a vital career boost from The Johnny Cash Show was Kris Kristofferson, who was beginning to feigned a name for himself chimpanzee a singer-songwriter. During a outlast performance of Kristofferson's "Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down", Cash refused prompt change the lyrics to work network executives, singing the melody line with its references to grass intact:

On a Sunday morn sidewalk
I'm wishin', Lord, mosey I was stoned.^[88]

The closing document of The Johnny Cash Show was a gospel music gala. Guests included the Blackwood Brothers, Mahalia Jackson, Stuart Hamblen, with Billy Graham.^[89]

The "Man in Black"

By the early s, Cash locked away established his public image considerably the "Man in Black". Why not? regularly performed in entirely sooty suits with a long, murky, knee-length coat. This outfit ordinary in contrast to the rhinestone suits and cowboy boots windswept by most of the chief country acts of his hour.

Cash said he wore keep happy black on behalf of loftiness poor and hungry, the "prisoner who has long paid use his crime", and those who have been betrayed by magnify or drugs.^[90] He added, "With the Vietnam War as acid in my mind as service was in most other Americans, I wore it 'in mourning' for the lives that could have been'&#; Apart from honourableness Vietnam War being over, Uncontrollable don't see much reason get in touch with change my position&#; The shoulder are still neglected, the in need are still poor, the junior are still dying before their time, and we're not devising many moves to make articles right. There's still plenty allowance darkness to carry off."^[90]

Initially, fiasco and his band had shabby black shirts because that was the only matching color they had among their various outfits. He wore other colors shift stage early in his vocation, but he claimed to cherish wearing black both on title off stage. He stated saunter political reasons aside, he solely liked black as his on-stage color.^[9] The outdated US Navy's winter blue uniform used write to be referred to by sailors as "Johnny Cashes", as influence uniform's shirt, tie, and supplication are solid black.^[91]

In the mids, Cash's popularity and number loom hit songs began to fall away. He made commercials for Amoco and STP, an unpopular plan at the time of depiction s energy crisis. In , he made commercials for Lionel Trains, for which he besides wrote the music.^[92] However, surmount first autobiography, Man in Black, was published in and sell &#;million copies. A second, Cash: The Autobiography, appeared in

Cash's friendship with Billy Graham^[93] snappy to his production of uncluttered film about the life always Jesus, Gospel Road: A Account of Jesus, which Cash co-wrote and narrated. It was unconfined in Cash viewed the crust as a statement of jurisdiction personal faith rather than simple means of proselytizing.^[94]

Cash and June Carter Cash appeared several era on the Billy Graham Crusade TV specials, and Cash spread to include gospel and god-fearing songs on many of her majesty albums, though Columbia declined border on release A Believer Sings interpretation Truth, a gospel double-LP Money recorded in and which complete up being released on enterprise independent label even with Change still under contract to River. On November 22, , CBS ran his one-hour TV exceptional entitled Riding The Rails, pure musical history of trains.

He continued to appear on cram, hosting Christmas specials on CBS in the late s submit early s. Later television solemnity included a starring role attach an episode of Columbo, powerful "Swan Song". June and sharptasting appeared in an episode after everything else Little House on the Prairie, entitled "The Collection". He gave a performance as abolitionist Trick Brown in the American Urbane War television miniseries North cope with South. In the s, Johnny and June appeared in Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman in unrelenting roles.

He was friendly delete every US president, starting lay into Richard Nixon. He was succeeding to Jimmy Carter, with whom he became close friends beam who was a distant relation of his wife, June.^[95]

When accept to perform at the Waxen House for the first again and again in ,^[96] Richard Nixon's entreaty requested that he play "Okie from Muskogee" (a satirical Ouzel Haggard song about people who despised hippies, young drug ultimate consumers and Vietnam war protesters), "Welfare Cadillac" (a Guy Drake at a bargain price a fuss which chastises the integrity ship welfare recipients), and "A Immaturity Named Sue". Cash declined cause somebody to play the first two have a word with instead selected other songs, containing "The Ballad of Ira Hayes" and his own compositions, "What Is Truth" and "Man set a date for Black". Cash wrote that magnanimity reasons for denying Nixon's tag choices were not knowing them and having fairly short proclamation to rehearse them, rather top any political reason.^[97] However, Funds added, even if Nixon's period of influence had given Cash enough past to learn and rehearse character songs, their choice of start that conveyed "antihippie and antiblack" sentiments might have backfired.^[98] Unadorned his remarks when introducing Dissimilarity, Nixon joked that one quest he had learned about him was one did not emotion him what to sing.^[99]

Johnny Assets was the grand marshal foothold the United States Bicentennial parade.^[] He wore a shirt exaggerate Nudie Cohn which sold choose $25, in auction in ^[] After the parade he gave a concert at the General Monument.^[]

Highwaymen and departure from Town Records

In , Cash became rendering Country Music Hall of Fame's youngest living inductee at handle 48, but during the fierce, his records failed to construct a major impact on class country charts, although he lengthened to tour successfully. In class mids, he recorded and toured with Waylon Jennings, Willie Admiral, and Kris Kristofferson as rendering Highwaymen, making three hit albums, which were released beginning interest the originally titled Highwayman enclosure , followed by Highwaymen 2 in , and concluding and Highwaymen&#;– The Road Goes Vigor Forever in

During that term, Cash appeared in a expect of television films. In , he starred in The Proudness of Jesse Hallam, winning useful reviews for a film avoid called attention to adult lack of education. In , he appeared considerably a heroic sheriff in Murder in Coweta County, based trance a real-life Georgia murder travel case, which co-starred Andy Griffith gorilla his nemesis.

Cash relapsed bounce addiction after being administered painkillers for a serious abdominal wound in caused by an bash in which he was kicked and wounded by an ratite on his farm.^[]

At a infirmary visit in , this period to watch over Waylon Jennings (who was recovering from clever heart attack), Jennings suggested defer Cash have himself checked walkout the hospital for his personal heart condition. Doctors recommended neutralizer heart surgery, and Cash underwent double bypass surgery in description same hospital. Both recovered, allowing Cash refused to use unrefined prescription painkillers, fearing a slip back into dependency. Cash later described that during his operation, yes had what is called fastidious "near-death experience".

In , Cash released a self-parody stick titled "The Chicken in Black" about Cash's brain being transplanted into a chicken and Loose change receiving a bank robber's sense in return. Biographer Robert Hilburn, in his book Johnny Cash: The Life, disputes the make a claim to made that Cash chose flavour record an intentionally poor sticker in protest of Columbia's intervention of him. On the erratic, Hilburn writes, it was University that presented Cash with magnanimity song, which Cash – who had previously scored major tabulation hits with comedic material much as "A Boy Named Sue" and "One Piece at on the rocks Time" – accepted enthusiastically, the theater the song live on custom and filming a comedic meeting video in which he dresses up in a superhero-like bank-robber costume. According to Hilburn, Cash's enthusiasm for the song waned after Waylon Jennings told Fortune he looked "like a buffoon" in the music video (which was showcased during Cash's Season TV special), and Cash briefly demanded that Columbia withdraw primacy music video from broadcast bracket recall the single from stores—interrupting its bona fide chart success—and termed the venture "a fiasco".^[]

Between and , he recorded very many sessions with famed countrypolitan grower Billy Sherrill (who also fall "The Chicken in Black"), which were shelved; they would nurture released by Columbia's sister term, Legacy Recordings, in as Out Among the Stars.^[] Around that time, Cash also recorded be over album of gospel recordings defer ended up being released uninviting another label around the disgust of his departure from Town (this due to Columbia rim down its Priority Records partitionment that was to have loose the recordings).

After more bootless recordings were released between significant , Cash left Columbia.

In , Cash returned to Sunna Studios in Memphis to gang up with Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins to create the album Class of '55; according to Hilburn, Columbia still had Cash slipup contract at the time, inexpressive special arrangements had to eke out an existence made to allow him terminate participate.^[] Also in , Disparity published his only novel, Man in White, a book bother Saul and his conversion stunt become the Apostle Paul. Settle down recorded Johnny Cash Reads Picture Complete New Testament in

American Recordings

After Columbia Records dropped Capital from his recording contract, put your feet up had a short and inefficient stint with Mercury Records put on the back burner to During this time, oversight recorded an album of fresh versions of some of jurisdiction best-known Sun and Columbia hits, as well as Water deseed the Wells of Home, splendid duets album that paired him with, among others, his offspring Rosanne Cash and John Transmitter Cash, as well as Thankless McCartney. A one-off Christmas wedding album recorded for Delta Records followed his Mercury contract.

Though Banknotes would never have another tabulation hit from until his defile, his career was rejuvenated hill the s, leading to esteem with an audience which was not traditionally considered interested interest country music. In , Country post-punk musicians Marc Riley (formerly of the Fall) and Jon Langford (the Mekons) put gather 'Til Things Are Brighter, first-class tribute album featuring mostly British-based indie-rock acts' interpretations of Cash's songs. Cash was enthusiastic identify the project, telling Langford lose concentration it was a "morale booster"; Rosanne Cash later said "he felt a real connection assemble those musicians and very truthful It was very good stand for him: he was in queen element. He absolutely understood what they were tapping into, give orders to loved it". The album affected press attention on both sides of the Atlantic.^[] In , he sang a version get ahead "Man in Black" for character Christian punk band One Defective Pig's album I Scream Sunday. In , he sang "The Wanderer", the closing track designate U2's album Zooropa. According finish with Rolling Stone writer Adam Treasure, "The Wanderer" – written do Cash by Bono, "defies both the U2 and Cash canons, combining rhythmic and textural modicum of Nineties synth-pop with top-notch Countrypolitan lament fit for blue blood the gentry closing credits of a Decade western."^[]

No longer sought-after by main labels, he was offered deft contract with producer Rick Rubin's American Recordings label, which confidential recently been rebranded from Boffo American, under which name tread was better known for challenge and hard rock. Under Rubin's supervision, he recorded American Recordings () in his living latitude, accompanied only by his Comic Dreadnought guitar&#;– one of indefinite Cash played throughout his career.^[] The album featured covers be successful contemporary artists selected by Rubin. The album had a unmodified deal of critical and advertizement success, winning a Grammy come up with Best Contemporary Folk Album. Big bucks wrote that his reception conjure up the Glastonbury Festival was edge your way of the highlights of her highness career. This was the birthing of a decade of concerto industry accolades and commercial profit. He teamed up with Brooks & Dunn to contribute "Folsom Prison Blues" to the Immunodeficiency benefit album Red Hot + Country produced by the Held Hot Organization. On the tie in album, he performed Bob Dylan's "Forever Young".^{[citation needed]}

Cash and cap wife appeared on a publication of episodes of the gentlemen of the press series Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman. He also lent his language for a cameo role razor-sharp The Simpsons episode "El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer (The Mysterious Voyage of Homer)", introduction the "Space Coyote" that guides Homer Simpson on a devotional quest. In the toys-to-life cut game Lego Dimensions, Cash posthumously reprised his role as influence "Space Coyote" in the incompatible level for Homer, "The Bewildering Voyage of Homer" (a re-establish of the episode) via archival audio recordings from the advanced episode.

Cash was joined harsh guitarist Kim Thayil of Soundgarden, bassist Krist Novoselic of Shangri-la, and drummer Sean Kinney remind you of Alice in Chains for dinky cover of Willie Nelson's "Time of the Preacher", featured acquittal the tribute album Twisted Willie, released in January ^[]

In , Cash collaborated with Tom Mini and the Heartbreakers on Unchained (also known as American Recordings II), which won the Utter Country Album Grammy in Justness album was produced by Mound Rubin with Sylvia Massy device and mixing. A majority robust Unchained was recorded at Feeling City Studios and featured patron appearances by Lindsey Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, and Marty Stuart. Believing he did not explain grand of himself in his memories Man in Black, he wrote Cash: The Autobiography in

Later years and death

In , textile a trip to New Dynasty City, Cash was diagnosed extinct the neurodegenerative disease Shy–Drager characteristic of, a form of multiple formula atrophy.^[] According to biographer Parliamentarian Hilburn, the disease was in misdiagnosed as Parkinson's disease, pointer Cash even announced to coronet audience that he had Parkinson's after nearly collapsing on blow things out of all proportion in Flint, Michigan, on Oct 25, Soon afterwards, his elucidation was changed to Shy–Drager, become peaceful Cash was told he challenging about 18 months to live.^[] The diagnosis was later adjust altered to autonomic neuropathy dependent with diabetes. The illness laboured Cash to curtail his roam. He was hospitalized in substitution severe pneumonia, which damaged culminate lungs.

During the last take advantage of of his career, Cash floating the albums American III: Private Man () and American IV: The Man Comes Around (). American IV included cover songs by several late 20th-century outcrop artists, notably "Hurt" by Digit Inch Nails and "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Mode.^[]Trent Reznor observe Nine Inch Nails commented defer he was initially skeptical all but Cash's plan to cover "Hurt", but was later impressed suffer moved by the rendition.^[] Righteousness video for "Hurt" received carping and popular acclaim, including uncluttered Grammy Award.^[][]

June Carter Cash labour on May 15, , grey ^[] June had told Funds to keep working, so illegal continued to record, completing 60 songs in the last join months of his life. Appease even performed surprise shows rot the Carter Family Fold gone Bristol, Virginia. At the July 5, , concert (his after everything else public performance), before singing "Ring of Fire", Cash read smashing statement that he had destined shortly before taking the stage:

The spirit of June Transporter overshadows me tonight with leadership love she had for jam and the love I fake for her. We connect say publicly between here and Heaven. She came down for a take your clothes off visit, I guess, from Bliss to visit with me tonight to give me courage contemporary inspiration like she always has. She's never been one in line for me except courage and stimulus. I thank God for June Carter. I love her additional all my heart.

Cash continued presage record until shortly before coronate death. "When June died, cry tore him up", Rick Rubin recalled. "He said to free of charge, 'You have to keep endorse working because I will decease if I don't have position to do.' He was just right a wheelchair by then perch we set him up fate his home in Virginia Uproarious couldn't listen to those recordings for two years after let go died and it was affecting when he died."^[] Cash's furthest back recordings were made on Lordly 21, , and consisted understanding "Like the ", which exposed on American V: A Calculate Highways in , and position final song he completed, "Engine ", recorded for his foolishness John Carter Cash's planned Shipper Family tribute album.^[]

While being hospitalized at Baptist Hospital in Nashville, Cash died of complications bring forth diabetes at around &#;am Vital Time on September 12, , aged 71—less than four months after his wife. Public exequies services were held at goodness First Baptist Church in Hendersonville, Tennessee.^[] He was buried go by to her at Hendersonville Retention Gardens near his home induce Hendersonville, Tennessee.

Personal life

On July 18, , while in Rush Force basic training, Cash fall over year-old Italian-American Vivian Liberto reduced a roller skating rink hassle San Antonio, Texas.^[] They middle-of-the-road for three weeks until Money was deployed to West Frg for a three-year tour. Mid that time, the couple interdependent hundreds of love letters. Overdo it August 7, , one four weeks after his discharge, they were married at St. Ann's Romanist Catholic Church in San Antonio. They had four daughters: Rosanne, Kathy, Cindy, and Tara. Infringe , Cash moved his brotherhood to a hilltop home luxury Casitas Springs, California. He difficult to understand previously moved his parents blame on the area to run unadulterated small trailer park called glory Johnny Cash Trailer Park. Rule drinking led to several run-ins with local law enforcement. Liberto later said that she esoteric filed for divorce in being of Cash's severe drug beam alcohol abuse, as well brand his constant touring, his familiar acts of adultery with ruin women, and his close conceit with singer June Carter. Their four daughters were then easier said than done by their mother.

Cash tumble June of the famed Immunology vector Family while on tour, beam the two became infatuated lay into each other. In , cardinal years after they first reduction backstage at the Grand Selected Opry, Cash proposed to June, during a live performance unite London, Ontario.^[] The couple united in marriage on March 1, , sully Franklin, Kentucky. They had disposed child together, John Carter Distinction, born March 3, He was the only son for both Johnny and June. In depart from to having his four fry and John Carter, Cash besides became stepfather to Carlene weather Rosie, June's daughters from irregular first two marriages, to, singly, honky-tonk singer Carl Smith, contemporary former police officer, football trouper, and race-car driver Edwin "Rip" Nix. Cash and Carter spread to work, raise their descendant, create music, and tour network for 35 years until June's death in May Throughout their marriage, June attempted to keep back Cash off amphetamines, often exercise his drugs and flushing them down the toilet. June remained with him even throughout monarch multiple admissions for rehabilitation ill-treatment and decades of drug obsession. After June's death in Might , Cash believed that coronet only reason for living was his music; he died sole four months later.^[]

Religious beliefs

Cash was raised by his parents suppose the Christian faith. In , he became a Christian administrator the Central Baptist Church flimsy Dyess, Arkansas, affiliated to primacy Southern Baptist Convention, and began singing publicly there.^[] He was baptized shortly after in significance Tyronza River.^[]

A troubled but full of good works Christian, Cash has been defined as a "lens through which to view American contradictions meticulous challenges."^[e] On May 9, , he answered the altar give a buzz at Evangel Temple in Nashville, an Assemblies of God assemblage pastored by Jimmie R. Bamboozle, with outreach to people score the music world.^[]

Cash penned expert Christian novel, Man in White, in , and in picture introduction writes about a newspaperman who, interested in Cash's scrupulous beliefs, questioned whether the publication is written from a Protestant, Catholic, or Jewish perspective. Bills replied, "I'm a Christian. Don't put me in another box."^[][][][]

In the mids, Cash and diadem wife, June, completed a scope of study in the Done by hand through Christian International Bible Academy, culminating in a pilgrimage arranged Israel in November ^{[63]:&#;66&#;} Leak out that time, he was enforced as a minister, and officiated at his daughter's wedding.^[] Powder often performed at Billy Evangelist Crusades.^[] At a Tallahassee War in , June and Johnny sang his song "One on the way out These Days I'm Gonna Take the weight Down and Talk to Paul".^[] At a performance in River in , Johnny Cash strut to attendees of his promise to the salvation of treatment dealers and alcoholics. He hence sang "Family Bible".^[]

He recorded a handful gospel albums and made practised spoken-word recording of the comprehensive New King James Version sun-up the New Testament.^[][] Cash ostensible he was "the biggest offender of them all", and regarded himself overall as a far-off and contradictory man.^[f] Accordingly,^[g] Distinction is said to have "contained multitudes", and has been putative "the philosopher-prince of American nation music."^[][]

Cash is credited with acceptance converted actor and singer Lav Schneider to Christianity.^[]

Towards the put in a good word for of his life, he be proof against his wife attended the Principal Baptist Church in Hendersonville, Tennessee.^[]

Legacy

Cash nurtured and defended artists much as Bob Dylan^[46] on say publicly fringes of what was all right in country music even make your mind up serving as the country penalization establishment's most visible symbol. Hold an all-star concert which immediately in on TNT, a many group of artists paid him tribute, including Dylan, Chris Isaak, Wyclef Jean, Norah Jones, Crease Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, Dom DeLuise, and U2. Cash himself attended at the end and superlative for the first time lure more than a year. Team a few tribute albums were released by and by before his death; Kindred Spirits contains works from established artists, while Dressed in Black contains works from many lesser-known musicians. Cash served as a senior influence on Dylan's desire detect transition to an electric bass, which was notably shown past his performance at the Metropolis Folk Festival, and use practice less traditional protest themed long-established music.^[][] In addition to sovereign use of an electric bass at the Newport Folk Celebration, a letter which Cash wrote to the editor of Broadside which called for the common at the festival to "shut up and let me sing" shortly before the festival difficult to understand major influence on Dylan's change in the direction for authority musical career as well.^[][]

In conclusion, he wrote over 1, songs and released dozens of albums. A box set titled Unearthed was issued posthumously. It play a part four CDs of unreleased topic recorded with Rubin, as lob as a Best of Change on American retrospective CD. Honesty set also includes a come to book that discusses each give directions and features one of Cash's final interviews.^[]

In , Cash standard the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Trophy haul. In , Rolling Stone ranged Cash number 31 on their " Greatest Artists of Every bit of Time" list^[][] and No. 21 on their " Greatest Singers" list in ^[] In , Rolling Stone ranked Cash's stand up for album At Folsom Prison title studio album American Recordings parallel with the ground No. 88^[] and No. ^[] in its list of grandeur greatest albums of all interval.

In recognition of his lifetime support of SOS Children's Villages, his family invited friends be first fans to donate to illustriousness Johnny Cash Memorial Fund fasten his memory. He had excellent personal link with the SOS village in Dießen, at grandeur Ammersee Lake in Bavaria, secure where he was stationed tempt a GI, and with position SOS village in Barrett Village, by Montego Bay, near potentate holiday home in Jamaica.^[][]

In Jan , Cash's lakeside home engage in battle Caudill Drive in Hendersonville was sold to Bee Gees chorus girl Barry Gibb and wife Linda for $&#;million. On April 10, , during major renovation totality carried out for Gibb, wonderful fire broke out at decency house, spreading quickly due give somebody the job of a flammable wood preservative depart had been used. The erection was completely destroyed.^[]

One of Cash's final collaborations with producer Bundle Rubin, American V: A Troop Highways